Finder for cameras.



Patented Nov. I8, 1902. J. D. GARFIELD.

FINDER FOR CAIERAS.

(Application Mod If.

(lo Iohl.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS D. GARFIELD, Ob SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TO GEORGE BERNARD, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

FINDER FOR CAMERAS.

15 EGEFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 718,629, dated November 18, 1902.

Application filed March 1'7, 1902. Serial No. 98,489. (No model.)

To all Hill/07771 it may concern tent of said space and arranged to assume po- Be it known that I, JULIUS D. GARFIELD, a sitions horizontally closely under and paralcitizen of the United States of America, and a lel with the screen and at an inclination both resident of Springfield, in the county of IIampto the screen and the longitudinal line of the 55 5 den and State of Massachusetts, have inventcamera, and means for causing the mirror in ed certain new and useful Improvements in swinging from its upper horizontal position Finders for Oameras,of which the following is into its downward forward inclination to also a full, clear, and exact description. have a bodily-descending movement within Thisinventionrelatestoswingingorpivoted the said exposing-space; and the invention 60 IO mirrors for cameras of that class in which an further consists in the constructions and cominclined swinging mirror located in front of binations of parts hereinafter described, and the sensitized plate or film is used in focusing set forth in the claims. the picture to deflect the rays passing through In the drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal a lens onto a horizontally-disposed groundsection of a camera, showing the mirror in its 65 glass plate located at the top of the camera. inclined position. Fig. 2 is a perspective It has been found heretofore that in a view of the mirror and devices for operating camera of this kind of small enough dimenthe same. sions (from the lens to the sensitized plate) In the drawings, A is a camera of the type to permit the use of a lens of short focallength in which focusing from the exposing-lens ct 7o the limited size of a mirror that would swing is done by deflecting the image projected Within such limited dimension was not large through the lens by an indirect swinging enough to reflect all the rays from a lens of mirror onto a horizontallyarranged groundlonger focus. To obviate this difficulty, I glass focusing-screen and consists in detail have constructed a mirror that is adapted to of the plate-holding compartment a. A plate- 75 slide longitudinally in a suitable pivoted holder b (shown in dotted lines) has the apframe and have provided means for regulatproximate focal plane of sensitized surface ing automatically the distance the mirror of a photographic plate, (indicated by the shall slide in its frame. Thus in a space broken line 0.) Directly and in front of the necessarily limited 'to the focus of a small focal plane 0 is the rear wall (1 of the expos- 80 3o lens I am able to swinga mirror that will ening-chamber c. This wall d in the camera compass the rays from a lens of much longer shown consists of a thin metal plate having focus and which heretofore would have rean openingf of about the size of the photoquired correspondingly longer space in which graphic plate to be exposed. it could swing. Near the top and extending from the wall 85 It is very desirable often to remove one (Z to the front wall of the camera, and of the combination of a double lens for the purpose exposing-chamber 0 thereof, and reaching of obtaining as a single lens alargerimage of across the entire width of the camera is a the picture with the same lens, which inframe g, supporting on its upper side the focreases the focus usually about twice that cusing-screcn h and provided on its under 90 when used as a double lens. It is also desirside with arabbet or rectangulardepression 21.

able touselenses of differentfocallengthin the At the rear end of the frame g and pivotsame camera. I am also enabled to furnish ally supported thereon by the pinsj is amirror a camera that may be sold exactly as the orframe or carrier 70, which in this case, and dinary vieW-camerathat is, without a lens as shown, consists of a sheet-metal envelop 95 fitted to itas such camera is adapted to any or case having the upper face thereof out out lens. nearly to the side edges thereof, Fig. 2, thus The invention consists in a camera having leaving the side flanges Z Z. At one side of usually an exposing-space of greater height this mirror-frame and near the pivotal edge than its front-to-rear extent and having a thereof is located the point of attachment of I00 ground-glass screen at its top, a detlectingthe ordinary operating-levers m, which are mirror of less width than the front-to-rear exoperated to raise the mirror-frame into the light-excluding position within the depression 1', as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The means on the outside of the camerabox I prefer to use is a vertical thumb-lever n, which is a part of and integral with the levers m.

Supported on and adapted to slide in the above-described mirror-frame It; is the mirror 0, whose back and edges are provided with a sheet-metal backing q, and atthe points q g on said metal backing areprovided loops or eyes through which is passed a wire the extremities of which at either side of the mirror are bent at nearly right angles to this first-mentioned portion, and thus constitute the levers r r.

At suitable and prearranged points on the rear wall 01 and somewhat below the pivots jj and at either side of the openingf therein are the bearing-points s 5, through which the short bent portions t t of the levers r r are pivotally supported.

By referring again to Fig. l of the drawings, and especially to the arcs described by the outer extremities of the mirror-frame 7c and of the mirror 0, it will be seen that to swing a focusing-mirror of the ordinary construction having its outer or free end as at w would necessitate making the exposingchamber of the camera of considerably greater dimensions longitudinally, which would prevent the use of a lens of short focus, and, on the other hand, if an exposing-chamber of the proportion suitable for a lens of short focus is usedsuch, for instance, as shown in Fig. 1a swinging mirror of the ordinary kind, having its outer or free end as at y, would not suffice to encompass or deflect all of the rays from a lens'of long focus, as will be understood by reference to the dotted indications of the rays from the lens, which latter is shown in full lines in Fig. 1, as com: pared with the rays from the lens shown in dotted lines.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a camera, the combination, with the camera-case having an exposing-space and the ground glass at the top of the exposingspace, of a mirror-carrier pivotally supported in an upper part of the exposing-space, a mirror adapted to swing bodily with the carrier and also to have a sliding movement relatively thereto, means for imparting a swinging movement to the mirror carrier, and means connected with the mirror for constraining the latter, in a swinging movement of the carrier, to slide and assume a changed location relatively to, the carrier.

2. In a camera, the combination with the camera-case having an exposing-space and the ground glass at the top of the exposingspace, of a mirror-carrier pivotally supported in an upper part of the exposing-space, a mirror supported by and adapted to swing bodily with the carrier, and also to have a sliding movement relatively thereto, means for imparting a swinging movement to the mirrorcarrier, and a member connected with the mirror and pivotally connected to a part of the camera at a point removed from the pivotal connection of the mirror-carrier.

3. A camera constructed with an exposingspace, having a screen at its top, a lens at its front, and provisions for the accommodation of a photographic plate at its rear, a mirrorcarrier pivoted at a rear upper portion of the exposing-space under and adjacent the screen, and adapted to be swung horizontally closely under the screen, and to be swung downwardly-forwardly-inclined position, and means for operating the carrier, a mirror slidably supported on the swingable carrier, and a member pivoted below the mirror-carrier pivot and having also pivotal connection with a forward portion of the mirror.

4. In a camera having an exposing-space of greater height than its front-to-rear extent, and having a ground glass screen at its top, a deflecting-mirror of less width than the front-to-rear extent of said space, and arranged to assume positions: longitudinally closely under and parallel with the screen, and at an inclination both to the screen and the longitudinal line of the camera, and means for causing the mirror in swinging from its upper horizontal position into its downward forward inclination, to have alsoabodily-descending movement within the exposingspace.

Signed by me at Springfield,Massachusetts, this 26th day of February, 1902.

JULIUS D. GARFIELD.

Witnesses:

WM. S. BELLOWS, M. A. CAMPBELL. 

